The processes of organization of the primary stimuli in forms function not only at the level of what our attention focuses. The concepts of figure and ground, in real situations are not as simple as teaching in a diagram. In one of the figures he pays more attention and is perceived consciously. But even the fund consists of an indefinite number of secondary figures, of which we are not consciously aware of, and enter our system through so-called "collateral channels. These are called subliminal stimuli.
Subliminal messages (sub-liminal: below the threshold) are those who access our cognitive system without our conscious awareness of this happening, and so can operate on the structures of behavior and personality with much higher levels of effectiveness .
Already in the fourth century A.C. the Greek philosopher Democritus said that "there is much more noticeable than we can consciously perceive. Plato, Aristotle and Leibniz recognized equivalent phenomena. That is, it is a misconception that there is only perception that what is conscious.
The first experiment showed that a message broadcast to the back of consciousness could, and indeed had, measurable effect on behavior, was conducted by James Vicary in 1956 in Fort Lee, a suburb of New York. In a cinema screening the film Picnic. With the help of a stroboscopic projector Vicary "bombed" the screen with a slide that read "Drink Coca-Cola - Hungry? - Eat popcorn. In that film, for a week, there was an increase in sales of Coca-Cola's 18.1% and 57.5% in popcorn.
Be sure to know more about the capabilities of your mind reading this ad.
When reading a newspaper or website pay little attention to advertisements, a few milliseconds and a glancing blow. But that is sufficient to achieve the desired effect: the message enters our informational system.
Experiment Wolitzky & Klein (1966) In 1966 psychologists Wolitzky & Klein showed a group of experimental subjects-a figure disguised by a duck-shaped contours of the dominant perceptual figure-a tree branch. The cloaked figure strongly influenced other later images submitted to such subjects, even when describing the stimulus showed no evidence of conscious awareness of it, even after several exposures.
The hidden or scribbled figures that do not exceed the threshold of consciousness, imply that the gestalt process of organization affects the sensory input at a point beyond that to which this information has access to (selective inattention).
The creators of advertising know this and apply it in their ads. Camouflaged stimuli for various portions of the ad knowing that will be effective in dreams (Poetzl effect), or at any subsequent time.
Another phenomenon that causes subliminal stimuli is "perceptual defense" (the stimulus acts as a subliminal supraliminal). We propose that everything that attacks the conscience and ethical system with negative emotional implications, is ignored by the mind. Human beings have the ability to block information when it opposes their conscious values. This information, however, evokes feelings and desires and draws attention to things that consciousness is not aware.